The spiders (Araneae) of pure pine and birch stands on restored open dump sites in Saxony and Brandenburg (Germany)

The spiders (Araneae) of pure pine and birch stands on restored open dump sites in Saxony and Brandenburg (Germany). The spider communities of four restored, afforested pure stands of first generation pine, birch and birch-robinia in the postmining landscape and one natural pine forest of the Lower Lusatia (Germany: Saxony and Brandenburg) were investigated. From 1997-98 a total of 6368 spiders were caught using stemeclectors and pitfall traps. More than 50% of the specimens collected were juveniles. The remaining individuals were identified and represent 123 species from 23 families. Among them several taxa are listed in the Red Data Lists of Germany (n = 16), Brandenburg (n = 13) and Saxony (n = 14). One species, Clubiona leucaspis is rare in Germany and new to Saxony. When comparing afforested stands of pine on postmining areas with natural ones the species Coelotes terrestris (Amaurobiidae) was observed exclusively in the latter. The absence of this species on restored sites seems to indicate a disturbance of the soil up to almost 60 years after the end of restoration. According to pitfall trapping in three pine forests the increasing biomass of spiders indicates a high predation rate at the oldest site, whereas the highest species diversity was found on younger, rehabilitated sites.Die Spinnengemeinschaft der Stamm- und stammnahen Bodenregion von vier Forststandorten auf rekultivierten Kippenböden des Niederlausitzer Braunkohlenreviers wurde untersucht. Von 1997-1998 wurde die Stammzönose mittels Stammeklektoren und zusätzlich 1998 die epigäische Spinnenfauna der stammnahen Bereiche durch Bodenfallen erfasst. Als Referenz zu den untersuchten Kippenstandorten diente ein alter Kiefernreinbestand auf natürlich geschichtetem Boden. Von den erfassten Spinnen (6368 Individuen) waren 50,2% juvenil. Die adulten Tiere konnten 123 Arten aus 23 Familien zugeordnet werden. Eine Art, Clubiona leucaspis, war neu für Sachsen, 23 Arten werden in der Roten Liste Deutschlands (n = 16), Brandenburgs (n = 13) und Sachsens (n = 15) aufgeführt. Die unterschiedliche Vorgeschichte (rekultiviert oder natürlich) und der Baumbesatz (Kiefer oder Birke) der Untersuchungsflächen bedingte zum Teil deutliche Unterschiede hinsichtlich verschiedener populationsökologischer Parameter (Familien-, Artenzahl, Diversität, Aktivitätsbiomasse). Die Ergebnisse werden hinsichtlich der daraus resultierenden Folgen für den Natur- und Artenschutz, die Dominanzstruktur der Spinnenzönosen, die natürliche Schädlingsregulation diskutiert. Die Abwesenheit einzelner Taxa (hier: Coelotes terrestris und Hahnia helveola) wird als Indikator für eine Unterbrechung der Faunentradition interpretiert

Comparison of analog and digital patient decision aids for the treatment of depression: a scoping review

Introduction: Patient decision aids (PDAs) are important tools to empower patients and integrate their preferences and values in the decision-making process. Even though patients with mental health problems have a strong interest in being more involved in decision making about their treatment, research has mainly focused on PDAs for somatic conditions. In this scoping review, we focus on patients suffering from depression and the role of PDAs for this patient group. The review offers an overview of digital and analog PDAs, their advantages and disadvantages as well as recommendations for further research and development. Methods: A systematic search of the existing literature guided by the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses - extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) was conducted. Three electronic literature databases with the appropriate thematic focus were searched (PubMed, PsycInfo, and Web of Science). The search strategy used controlled and natural language to search for the key concepts decision aids and depression. The articles were selected in a two-step process guided by predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. We narratively synthetized information extracted from 40 research articles. Results: We included 40 articles in our review. Our review revealed that there is more focus on digital PDAs in research than in clinical practice. Digitalization can enhance the benefits of PDAs by developing tools that are more efficient, interactive, and personalized. The main disadvantages of both types of PDAs for the treatment of depression are related to time, dissemination, and capacity building for the health care providers. Digital PDAs need to be regularly updated, effective strategies for their dissemination and acceptance need to be identified, and clinicians need sufficient training on how to use digital PDAs. There is more research needed to study which forms of PDAs are most appropriate for various patient groups (e.g., older adults, or patients with comorbidities), and to identify the most effective ways of PDAs' integration in the clinical workflow. The findings from our review could be well aligned with the International Patient Decision Aids Standards. Discussion: More research is needed regarding effective strategies for the implementation of digital PDAs into the clinical workflow, ethical issues raised by the digital format, and opportunities of tailoring PDAs for diverse patient groups

Modelle von Radikalisierungsverläufen : Einflussfaktoren auf Mikro-, Meso- und Makroebene

akzeptierte ManuskriptversionManuskriptversion weicht in der Seitenzählung vom Original a

Resource efficiency atlas : an international perspective on technologies and products with resource efficiency potential

Technical innovations can contribute significantly to increase resource efficiency. A selection of 21 examples for resource efficient technologies, products and strategies from the field shows the brochure Resource Efficiency Atlas, which was created in line with the same titled project. Overall the project team analysed several hundred technical solutions and strategies and assessed its possible contributions to increases in resource efficiency. The project was arranged co-operatively by the Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Engineering IAO, the Trifolium-Beratungsgesellschaft mbH and the Institut für Arbeitswissenschaften und Technologiemanagement of the University Stuttgart. The examples from the brochure and further 70 examples can be seen on the project website www.ressourceneffizenzatlas.de

Microangiopathic Anemia without Thrombocytopenia and Kidney Disease in a Child with Diarrhea Caused by Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli

A child with a history of diarrhea presented with transient anemia, reticolucytosis, and red blood cell fragmentation. Blood pressure and levels of blood platelets, creatinine, and urea were normal, as were results of urinalysis. Escherichia coli harboring genes for Shiga toxin were detected in stool specimens. It is concluded that extraintestinal diseases caused by Shiga toxin-producing bacteria sometimes present without any renal involvemen

Resource efficiency atlas : an international perspective on technologies and products with resource efficiency potential

Technical innovations can contribute significantly to increase resource efficiency. A selection of 21 examples for resource efficient technologies, products and strategies from the field shows the brochure Resource Efficiency Atlas, which was created in line with the same titled project. Overall the project team analysed several hundred technical solutions and strategies and assessed its possible contributions to increases in resource efficiency. The project was arranged co-operatively by the Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Engineering IAO, the Trifolium-Beratungsgesellschaft mbH and the Institut für Arbeitswissenschaften und Technologiemanagement of the University Stuttgart. The examples from the brochure and further 70 examples can be seen on the project website www.ressourceneffizenzatlas.de

Ressourceneffizienzatlas : eine internationale Perspektive auf Technologien und Produkte mit Ressourceneffizienzpotenzial

Technische Innovationen können einen entscheidenden Beitrag zur Steigerung der Ressourceneffizienz leisten. Eine Auswahl von 21 Praxis-Beispielen für ressourceneffiziente Technologien, Produkte und Strategien zeigt die Broschüre "Ressourceneffizienzatlas", die im Rahmen des gleichnamigen Projekts erstellt wurde. Insgesamt wurden in dem Projekt mehrere Hundert technische Lösungen und Strategien analysiert und ihr möglicher Beitrag zur Steigerung der Ressourceneffizienz bewertet. Durchgeführt wurde das Projekt zusammen mit dem Fraunhofer-Institut für Arbeitswirtschaft und Organisation (IAO), der Trifolium - Beratungsgesellschaft mbH sowie dem Institut für Arbeitswissenschaft und Technologiemanagement der Universität Stuttgart. Die Beispiele aus der Broschüre sowie rund 70 weitere Beispiele finden sich auf der Projekt-Website www.ressourceneffizienzatlas.de

SAR phenology across major West-African land cover types

West Africa is an important hotspot of global change facing huge environmental and societal challenges. These include climate and land use change, migration, and conflicts, all of which are a major threat to food security. Food security – and a number of other envisaged achievements of the sustainable development goals (SDG) – depends largely on wise natural resource management. For several reasons, the West African environment and its changes are still poorly understood, although a large number of scientific studies have been conducted over the past years thanks to the establishment of the West African Science Service Center on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use (WASCAL) and other initiatives. However, most of the studies are focused on only few study sites, only very few aim at large-scale assessments of climate change impacts or land use. Little is known about vegetation structure, which plays a crucial role in the estimation of the greenhouse gas budget and the carbon sequestration potential of complex ecosystems such as agroforestry systems. Agroforestry systems are a mixture of different land uses, characterized by a certain tree cover and crops in between. Ideally, the trees do not only shade the fields but also provide fruits that can be used as food or to feed animals. Among the consistent datasets that provide more detailed information about vegetation properties throughout the region is the Copernicus Global Land Cover product (Buchhorn et al. 2020). It is available for multiple years (2015-2019) and provides rich information with regard to vegetation, particularly forests. The spatial resolution is 100 m. However, West African ecosystems are diverse and complex. This complexity is also true for agroforestry systems, which are important agricultural production zones and at the same time fulfill numerous ecosystem services. Unfortunately, none of the well-established nor the recent land cover and land use products such as the beforementioned Copernicus product are able to adequately resolve agroforestry systems. Even the WorldCover 2020 product (Zanaga et al. 2021) with 10 m spatial resolution is not suitable to differentiate between cropland areas, forest cover, shrubland and agroforestry systems. While our hypothesis is that the spatial resolution of the Copernicus Sentinel satellites is limiting the classification of single trees, we expect differences in the phenology within agroforestry systems that can be mapped by means of remote sensing. Phenology, the characteristic, often seasonal life cycle of plants, is an important plant species trait and hence one of the essential biodiversity variables. Many methods exist to retrieve phenology from optical remote sensing data. While the resulting information aids in differentiating plant species or plant functional types, satellite-derived products are usually different from what can be observed in the field. West Africa experiences a strong climate gradient from the hot and dry Sahara Desert region to the moist Guinean forest ecozone. In terms of optical remote sensing, capabilities to retrieve dense time series is limited by frequent cloud cover, particularly in the southern part of the region. Therefore, we propose to use Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data to retrieve phenology at pixel level (10 m spatial resolution). In recent years, Sentinel-1 SAR data is increasingly used to characterize phenology of field crops. Little is known about phenology of West African vegetation, particularly non-crops. Consequently, we sampled all classes of the Copernicus Land Cover product covering the ECOWAS region in West Africa and explored Sentinel-1 time series. Our pre-processing includes radiometric terrain correction, speckle filtering and time series smoothing using a Savitzky-Golay filter. For West Africa, only data in ascending orbit is available, resulting in a reduced temporal resolution compared to other regions. From the two polarizations, VV and VH, we computed several well-established indices (e.g. VH/VV ratio, radar vegetation index). We sampled the whole region, resulting in 250 samples per land cover class. For each sampling point we extracted the time series of the backscatter as well as the indices and tested their similarity. As the Copernicus product also provides fractions of each class, we were able to explore the relationship between fractional tree cover (and others) and the SAR backscatter and indices, respectively. Our results show that some of the classes are no longer separable at high spatial resolution (e.g. open evergreen forest vs. closed evergreen forest). After adequate join of similar classes, we were able to use the backscatter information as well as the uncorrelated indices to map Copernicus land cover classes at high spatial resolution (10 m) with acceptable accuracy. From the smoothed time series, we derived phenological parameters such as start of season, end of season and length of season, greenup and senescence. While a direct link to ground phenology is challenging, we are able to map groups of similar phenological behavior, which is important for a more comprehensive characterization of vegetation